Chapter 2 of Ageing in the 21st Century describes how the situation and role of older persons has changed over the past ten years. These changes can be grouped under three key themes: health and long-term care; income security; and unpaid contributions to society.

Ageing in the 21st Century: Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence


“A society for all ages encompasses the goal of providing older persons with the opportunity to continue contributing to society.”

(Madrid Plan, para. 19)

Chapter 2 of Ageing in the 21st Century analyses the changing situation and role of older persons over the past ten years.

It looks at the challenges of providing income security in old age and how employers are recognising the benefits of an ageing workforce.

It describes emerging health and long-term care challenges, particularly the global increase in non-communicable diseases, highlighting the need for sustainable systems of care as well as healthier behaviours throughout life.

It looks at enabling and supportive environments, especially the elimination of discrimination, abuse and violence. It points out that as people age, the physical environment, including adequate housing and transportation, becomes increasingly important.

This chapter also analyses the particular vulnerabilities of older persons in humanitarian situations.

It provides examples of how these challenges are addressed in developing and developed countries, and includes responses from older persons who participated in the consultations for this report.


Chapter 2: Contents

  • A vital role in society
  • Income security in old age
  • Advancing health into old age
  • Age-friendly environments

Download Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence (1.12mb).